{"id":593,"date":"2009-02-03T10:44:35","date_gmt":"2009-02-03T09:44:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nns.cz\/blog\/zpetna-vazba\/"},"modified":"2009-02-08T19:24:17","modified_gmt":"2009-02-08T18:24:17","slug":"zpetna-vazba","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.nns.cz\/blog\/zpetna-vazba\/","title":{"rendered":"Zp\u011btn\u00e1 vazba"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Do ka\u017ed\u00e9 vyu\u010dovac\u00ed hodiny by m\u011bla b\u00fdt za\u0159azov\u00e1na zp\u011btn\u00e1 vazba mezi u\u010ditelem a&nbsp;\u017e\u00e1kem. Pomoc\u00ed vhodn\u011b za\u0159azen\u00e9 zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazby se d\u00e1 snadno ov\u011b\u0159ovat, jak \u017e\u00e1ci p\u0159i&nbsp;v\u00fduce vn\u00edmaj\u00ed, nakolik prob\u00edran\u00e9 u\u010divo ch\u00e1pou a&nbsp;jak ho zvl\u00e1daj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Zp\u011btnou vazbu si ve vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165uje jednak u\u010ditel s\u00e1m a&nbsp;jednak pomoc\u00ed u\u010debnic nakladatelstv\u00ed Nov\u00e1 \u0161kola. Nap\u0159.&nbsp;matematiky obsahuj\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b bohat\u00e9 mo\u017enosti  k&nbsp;vyu\u017eit\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazby. Zp\u011btnou vazbou podn\u011bcuje u\u010ditel pozornost \u017e\u00e1k\u016f, vede je k&nbsp;uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed si co zvl\u00e1daj\u00ed. Vhodn\u00e1 zp\u011btn\u00e1 vazba zna\u010dn\u011b zvy\u0161uje efektivitu vyu\u010dovac\u00edch hodin.<\/p>\n<p>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazb\u011b ve v\u00fduce v\u011bnov\u00e1na pozornost jak v&nbsp;zem\u00edch Evropy, tak USA. Tam dosp\u011bli v\u00fdzkumy k&nbsp;tomu, \u017ee spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 cesta ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed stavu vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed matematiky a&nbsp;fyziky vede skrze \u010dinnostn\u00ed formy v\u00fduky se za\u0159azovanou zp\u011btnou vazbou.<\/p>\n<p>My v&nbsp;\u010dinnostn\u00edm vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se neobejde bez zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazby, vych\u00e1z\u00edme z&nbsp;v\u00fdzkum\u016f a&nbsp;ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed reformn\u00edch u\u010ditel\u016f 30.&nbsp;let 20.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed doch\u00e1zeli ke stejn\u00fdm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm jako v\u00fdzkumn\u00ed pedagogov\u00e9 ve sv\u011bt\u011b. (K&nbsp;t\u00e9to t\u00e9matice existuje v&nbsp;knihovn\u00e1ch a&nbsp;muze\u00edch mnoho dostupn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu.)<\/p>\n<p>Je v\u00fdborn\u00e9, \u017ee \u010dinnostn\u00ed zp\u016fsob v\u00fduky m\u00e1 nyn\u00ed v\u00a0 na\u0161\u00ed zemi mnoho \u0161kol za\u0159azeno do sv\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho programu.<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e1 efektivn\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00fdch vazeb pro zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed porozum\u011bn\u00ed prob\u00edran\u00e9mu u\u010divu nebo pojm\u016fm, kter\u00e9 lze prov\u00e1d\u011bt kdykoli v&nbsp;pr\u016fb\u011bhu vyu\u010dovac\u00ed hodiny (i&nbsp;na z\u00e1v\u011br):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>U\u010ditel pokl\u00e1d\u00e1 ot\u00e1zky, tak aby mohli v\u0161ichni \u017e\u00e1ci odpov\u00eddat zved\u00e1n\u00edm karet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>ANO   NE<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>U\u010ditel m\u00e1 p\u0159ipraveny \u00fakoly s&nbsp;odpov\u011bdmi A,B,C,D. \u017d\u00e1ci odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed zved\u00e1n\u00edm karet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>A   B   C D<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V obou p\u0159edchoz\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech \u017e\u00e1ci tak\u00e9 mohou\u00a0 odpov\u00eddat pomoc\u00ed elektronick\u00e9ho hlasovac\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u0161echny pom\u016fcky, kter\u00e1 Nov\u00e1 \u0161kola p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 se daj\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edt zp\u011btnovazebn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed informace  budou pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b dopl\u0148ov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Do ka\u017ed\u00e9 vyu\u010dovac\u00ed hodiny by m\u011bla b\u00fdt za\u0159azov\u00e1na zp\u011btn\u00e1 vazba mezi u\u010ditelem a&nbsp;\u017e\u00e1kem. Pomoc\u00ed vhodn\u011b za\u0159azen\u00e9 zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazby se d\u00e1 snadno ov\u011b\u0159ovat, jak \u017e\u00e1ci p\u0159i&nbsp;v\u00fduce vn\u00edmaj\u00ed, nakolik prob\u00edran\u00e9 u\u010divo ch\u00e1pou a&nbsp;jak ho zvl\u00e1daj\u00ed. Zp\u011btnou vazbu si ve vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165uje jednak u\u010ditel s\u00e1m a&nbsp;jednak pomoc\u00ed u\u010debnic nakladatelstv\u00ed Nov\u00e1 \u0161kola. Nap\u0159.&nbsp;matematiky obsahuj\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b bohat\u00e9 mo\u017enosti k&nbsp;vyu\u017eit\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00e9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-593","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nns.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/593","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nns.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nns.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nns.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nns.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=593"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.nns.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/593\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":849,"href":"https:\/\/www.nns.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/593\/revisions\/849"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nns.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=593"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}